stdClass Object ( [nid] => 127855 [vid] => 127958 [type] => task_discussion [status] => 1 [created] => 1222726158 [changed] => 1222726158 [comment] => 2 [promote] => 1 [sticky] => 0 [revision_timestamp] => 1222726158 [title] => Guidelines for Drinking-Water Quality Training Materials [body] => The World Health Organization has compiled training materials which includes 23 sessions. Each presentation in the materials includes a session plan, a background paper and overhead transparencies. Each practical session provides guidance as to how such sessions might be delivered and the materials required. The training materials can be downloaded from the WHO site from this link: http://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/dwq/dwqtraining/en/index.html [teaser] => The World Health Organization has compiled training materials which includes 23 sessions. Each presentation in the materials includes a session plan, a background paper and overhead transparencies. Each practical session provides guidance as to how such sessions might be delivered and the materials required. The training materials can be downloaded from the WHO site from this link: http://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/dwq/dwqtraining/en/index.html [log] => [format] => 1 [uid] => 11903 [name] => bbriggs [picture] => [data] => a:6:{s:16:"nodecomment_sort";s:1:"2";s:16:"privatemsg_allow";i:1;s:28:"privatemsg_setmessage_notify";i:0;s:8:"og_email";s:1:"2";s:17:"messaging_default";s:4:"mail";s:7:"contact";i:0;} [path] => group/water-and-sanitation/project/task/discussion/guidelines-drinking-water-quality-training-mater-0 [field_embedded_video] => Array ( [0] => Array ( [embed] => [value] => [provider] => [data] => Array ( ) ) ) [field_external_link] => Array ( [0] => Array ( [url] => [title] => [attributes] => N; ) ) [comment_type] => task_discussion [og_groups] => Array ( [0] => 67799 ) [og_groups_both] => Array ( [67799] => Water and Sanitation ) [og_public] => 1 [tags] => Array ( [10] => Array ( [2290] => stdClass Object ( [tid] => 2290 [vid] => 10 [name] => clean drinking water [description] => [weight] => 0 [language] => [trid] => 0 ) [2311] => stdClass Object ( [tid] => 2311 [vid] => 10 [name] => guidelines [description] => [weight] => 0 [language] => [trid] => 0 ) [1193] => stdClass Object ( [tid] => 1193 [vid] => 10 [name] => Health [description] => [weight] => 0 [language] => [trid] => 0 ) [2309] => stdClass Object ( [tid] => 2309 [vid] => 10 [name] => sanitaiton [description] => [weight] => 0 [language] => [trid] => 0 ) [2310] => stdClass Object ( [tid] => 2310 [vid] => 10 [name] => training materials [description] => [weight] => 0 [language] => [trid] => 0 ) [801] => stdClass Object ( [tid] => 801 [vid] => 10 [name] => Water [description] => [weight] => 0 [language] => [trid] => 0 ) ) ) [nodewords] => Array ( ) [trid] => 0 [language] => en [i18n_status] => 0 [taxonomy] => Array ( [2290] => stdClass Object ( [tid] => 2290 [vid] => 10 [name] => clean drinking water [description] => [weight] => 0 [language] => [trid] => 0 ) [2311] => stdClass Object ( [tid] => 2311 [vid] => 10 [name] => guidelines [description] => [weight] => 0 [language] => [trid] => 0 ) [1193] => stdClass Object ( [tid] => 1193 [vid] => 10 [name] => Health [description] => [weight] => 0 [language] => [trid] => 0 ) [2309] => stdClass Object ( [tid] => 2309 [vid] => 10 [name] => sanitaiton [description] => [weight] => 0 [language] => [trid] => 0 ) [2310] => stdClass Object ( [tid] => 2310 [vid] => 10 [name] => training materials [description] => [weight] => 0 [language] => [trid] => 0 ) [801] => stdClass Object ( [tid] => 801 [vid] => 10 [name] => Water [description] => [weight] => 0 [language] => [trid] => 0 ) ) [translation] => Array ( ) [cid] => 127855 [pid] => 0 [hostname] => 137.186.63.88 [thread] => 02/ [mail] => [homepage] => [comment_target_nid] => 126861 [depth] => 0 )

stdClass Object ( [nid] => 127857 [vid] => 127960 [type] => task_discussion [status] => 1 [created] => 1222726846 [changed] => 1222726847 [comment] => 2 [promote] => 1 [sticky] => 0 [revision_timestamp] => 1222726847 [title] => Biosand Filter - for use at the household level [body] => The Biosand filter is an innovation on traditional slow sand water filters, specifically designed for intermittent or household use. The filter can be produced locally anywhere in the world because it is built using materials that are readily available. It is simply a concrete container, enclosing layers of sand and gravel which trap and eliminate sediments, pathogens and other impurities from the water. Plastic can also be used to manufacture the container, however, using concrete has several advantages:Biosand Filter * Cement can be easily acquired in most developing countries. * People are familiar with the construction techniques. * Household labour or volunteer labour can be utilized in the manufacturing process. * The concrete container is heavy and durable. It does not need to be replaced as often as a plastic container. * The spout piping is located inside the filter. Consequently, it is less prone to damage than a plastic filter, which has piping on its exterior. * Plastic fabrication usually requires the importation of raw material or the finished product. Depending on your views of international trade, this can be an advantage or disadvantage. * The life expectancy of a plastic model is substantially less than a concrete model. The ultimate disposal of plastic is a concern for the environment. * Encouraging and empowering local people to completely manage their own project increases local sustainability and motivates others to take action for safer water. This process can only be facilitated if the product supply is managed locally. In most cases, if a plastic model is used, there will always be a dependence on outside manufacturers and distributors to supply filters at a higher cost. That being said, there are a number of organizations that are pursuing the fabrication of a plastic filter. Here is a list of recommendations to help ensure the highest probability of success when implementing a biosand filter program. How Does it Work? Water is poured into the top of the filter as needed, where a diffuser plate placed above the sand bed dissipates the initial force of the water. Traveling slowly through the sand bed, the water then passes through a bed of prepared sand media and collects in a pipe at the base of the filter. At this point, the water is propelled through plastic piping encased in the concrete exterior and out of the filter for the user to collect. It should be used with a safe water container. Removal of Contaminants As with all slow sand filters, a combination of biological and mechanical processes removes pathogens in the water. When water is poured into the top of the filter, the organic material it is carrying is trapped at the surface of the fine sand, forming a biological layer or "schmutzdecke." This biological layer matures over one to three weeks, depending on volume of water put through the filter and the amount of nutrients and micro-organisms in the water. Four processes remove pathogens and other contaminants in the Biosand filter: 1. Mechanical trapping: Sediments, cysts and worms are removed from the water by becoming trapped in the spaces between the sand grains. Over time the spaces become smaller, enabling the filter to trap smaller particles sooner in the sand bed. The filter can remove some inorganic compounds and metals if they are attached to other materials or each other. 2. Adsorption or attachment: Viruses are adsorbed or become attached to the sand grains. Once attached, they are metabolized by the cells or are inactivated by antiviral chemicals produced by the organisms in the filter. Certain organic compounds are also adsorbed in the sand and thus removed from the water. 3. Predation: The microorganisms within the "schmutzdecke" or biological layer consume bacteria and other pathogens found in the water, thereby providing highly effective water treatment. 4. Natural death: Food scarcity, less than optimal temperatures and a relatively short life span will cause pathogens to die off and become nutrients for other micro-organisms. Effectiveness Slow sand filters have been proven to almost entirely remove the disease-causing organisms found in water. The Biosand filter adaptation has proven as effective as traditional slow sand filters, in both laboratory and field tests. In conjunction with the introduction of the technology to communities, the filter has been tested by various government, research, and health institutions, as well as by non-governmental agencies. CAWST carried out water analyses of 107 long term Biosand filter users in Haiti in 2005 and found average removal effectiveness of 98.5% (measuring E. coli, the indicator bacteria recommended by the WHO). [ Download Executive Summary or Report ] The filter has also been proven to remove: * More than 96% of fecal coliforms * 100% of protozoa and helminthes * 50-90% of organic and inorganic toxicants * Greater than 75% of iron and manganese * Suspended sediments, in all or part CAWST has prepared a summary of laboratory and field studies for the Biosand filter. The body of evidence shows the success of biosand filter implementation since its inception and outlines further challenges to implementation. [Download Summary] Operation and Maintenance Operation Operating the filter is very simple: remove the lid, pour a bucket of water into the filter, and immediately collect the treated water in a container. The filter can produce up to 36 litres/hour. The following design features of the Biosand filter ensure its ease of use: * Water can be filtered as required * The concrete Biosand filter is devoid of moving parts * The concrete container is small, but extremely stable; it can be placed anywhere in the home, in the location most convenient to the user * The plastic piping is encased in concrete and is not easily damaged Between uses, a layer of water (5cm deep) is maintained above the sand at all times. It is this design feature that distinguishes the Biosand filter from other slow sand filters, allowing for small scale construction and intermittent use. The layer of water is shallow enough for oxygen to diffuse through, providing the biological layer with enough oxygen to develop. The biological layer typically takes three weeks to develop to maturity in a new filter. Removal efficiency and the subsequent effectiveness of the filter increase throughout this period. Although the filter does remove more than 98% of bacteria, below the infectious dose, disinfection is recommended as a final step for households with infants or the elderly. Maintenance Continued use of the filter causes the pore openings between the sand grains to become clogged with debris. As a result, the flow rate of water through the filter decreases. To clean the filter, the surface of the sand must be agitated, thereby suspending captured material in the standing layer of water. The dirty water can then be easily removed using a small container. The process can be repeated as many times as necessary to regain the desired flow rate. This procedure is sometimes call a "swirl and dump" maintenance practice. The need to do this depends on the amount and quality of water being put through the filter. If the water is relatively clean (turbidity less than 30 NTU), the filter can likely run for several months without this maintenance procedure. After cleaning, a re-establishment of the biological layer takes place, quickly returning removal efficiency to its previous level. Cost Capital: The cost of a concrete filter varies from US$ 10-30, depending on the local material and labour cost. Operation: As consumables are not required for successful filter operation, the operating costs are negligible. Advantages & Limitations Advantages * Removes over 98.5% bacteria, 100% parasites * Removes turbidity, some iron, manganese, arsenic * Quality of water improves with time * Sells for US$10-30 * High flow rate – up to 36 liters per hour (0.6L per minute) * No on-going costs - no replaceable parts * Durable and robust * Fabricated from local materials * Opportunity for local businesses * Water tastes and looks good * Easy to maintain Limitations * Biological layer takes 3 weeks to develop to maturity * High turbidity (> 100 NTU) will cause filter to clog and require more maintenance * Requires that the filter be used periodically on a regular basis * Cannot remove color or dissolved compounds (same as all other filters) * Can be difficult to move (weigh 170 lbs / 77 kgs) [teaser] => The Biosand filter is an innovation on traditional slow sand water filters, specifically designed for intermittent or household use. The filter can be produced locally anywhere in the world because it is built using materials that are readily available. It is simply a concrete container, enclosing layers of sand and gravel which trap and eliminate sediments, pathogens and other impurities from the water. Plastic can also be used to manufacture the container, however, using concrete has several advantages:Biosand Filter * Cement can be easily acquired in most developing countries. [log] => [format] => 1 [uid] => 11903 [name] => bbriggs [picture] => [data] => a:6:{s:16:"nodecomment_sort";s:1:"2";s:16:"privatemsg_allow";i:1;s:28:"privatemsg_setmessage_notify";i:0;s:8:"og_email";s:1:"2";s:17:"messaging_default";s:4:"mail";s:7:"contact";i:0;} [path] => group/water-and-sanitation/project/task/discussion/biosand-filter-use-household-level [field_embedded_video] => Array ( [0] => Array ( [embed] => [value] => [provider] => [data] => Array ( ) ) ) [field_external_link] => Array ( [0] => Array ( [url] => [title] => [attributes] => N; ) ) [comment_type] => task_discussion [og_groups] => Array ( [0] => 67799 ) [og_groups_both] => Array ( [67799] => Water and Sanitation ) [og_public] => 1 [tags] => Array ( [10] => Array ( [2314] => stdClass Object ( [tid] => 2314 [vid] => 10 [name] => biosand filter [description] => [weight] => 0 [language] => [trid] => 0 ) [2290] => stdClass Object ( [tid] => 2290 [vid] => 10 [name] => clean drinking water [description] => [weight] => 0 [language] => [trid] => 0 ) [1193] => stdClass Object ( [tid] => 1193 [vid] => 10 [name] => Health [description] => [weight] => 0 [language] => [trid] => 0 ) [2283] => stdClass Object ( [tid] => 2283 [vid] => 10 [name] => hygiene [description] => [weight] => 0 [language] => [trid] => 0 ) [1429] => stdClass Object ( [tid] => 1429 [vid] => 10 [name] => sanitation [description] => [weight] => 0 [language] => [trid] => 0 ) [453] => stdClass Object ( [tid] => 453 [vid] => 10 [name] => Training [description] => [weight] => 0 [language] => [trid] => 0 ) [801] => stdClass Object ( [tid] => 801 [vid] => 10 [name] => Water [description] => [weight] => 0 [language] => [trid] => 0 ) ) ) [nodewords] => Array ( ) [trid] => 0 [language] => en [i18n_status] => 0 [taxonomy] => Array ( [2314] => stdClass Object ( [tid] => 2314 [vid] => 10 [name] => biosand filter [description] => [weight] => 0 [language] => [trid] => 0 ) [2290] => stdClass Object ( [tid] => 2290 [vid] => 10 [name] => clean drinking water [description] => [weight] => 0 [language] => [trid] => 0 ) [1193] => stdClass Object ( [tid] => 1193 [vid] => 10 [name] => Health [description] => [weight] => 0 [language] => [trid] => 0 ) [2283] => stdClass Object ( [tid] => 2283 [vid] => 10 [name] => hygiene [description] => [weight] => 0 [language] => [trid] => 0 ) [1429] => stdClass Object ( [tid] => 1429 [vid] => 10 [name] => sanitation [description] => [weight] => 0 [language] => [trid] => 0 ) [453] => stdClass Object ( [tid] => 453 [vid] => 10 [name] => Training [description] => [weight] => 0 [language] => [trid] => 0 ) [801] => stdClass Object ( [tid] => 801 [vid] => 10 [name] => Water [description] => [weight] => 0 [language] => [trid] => 0 ) ) [translation] => Array ( ) [cid] => 127857 [pid] => 0 [hostname] => 137.186.63.88 [thread] => 03/ [mail] => [homepage] => [comment_target_nid] => 126861 [depth] => 0 )

stdClass Object ( [nid] => 129893 [vid] => 130009 [type] => task_discussion [status] => 1 [created] => 1223413292 [changed] => 1223413293 [comment] => 2 [promote] => 1 [sticky] => 0 [revision_timestamp] => 1223413293 [title] => Biosand Filter Manual [body] => CAWST has put out a complete manual on how to design, install, operate and maintain a biosand filter. This is a very good manual with specific instructions, pictures, and diagrams. It is basically everything you need to design and operate a biosand filter for household use. If you are considering using a biosand filter in your community, I would recommend taking a look at it and printing it off (if you can). It is open source so you can photocopy it, give it to others and modify it if needed. [teaser] => CAWST has put out a complete manual on how to design, install, operate and maintain a biosand filter. This is a very good manual with specific instructions, pictures, and diagrams. It is basically everything you need to design and operate a biosand filter for household use. If you are considering using a biosand filter in your community, I would recommend taking a look at it and printing it off (if you can). It is open source so you can photocopy it, give it to others and modify it if needed. [log] => [format] => 1 [uid] => 11903 [name] => bbriggs [picture] => [data] => a:6:{s:16:"nodecomment_sort";s:1:"2";s:16:"privatemsg_allow";i:1;s:28:"privatemsg_setmessage_notify";i:0;s:8:"og_email";s:1:"2";s:17:"messaging_default";s:4:"mail";s:7:"contact";i:0;} [path] => group/water-and-sanitation/project/task/discussion/biosand-filter-manual [field_attachment] => Array ( [0] => Array ( [fid] => 22055 [description] => BSF Manual_Jan 08.pdf [list] => 1 [nid] => 129893 [filename] => BSF Manual_Jan 08.pdf [filepath] => files/attach/2008/10/task/BSF Manual_Jan 08.pdf [filemime] => application/pdf [filesize] => 3448738 ) ) [field_embedded_video] => Array ( [0] => Array ( [embed] => [value] => [provider] => [data] => Array ( ) ) ) [field_external_link] => Array ( [0] => Array ( [url] => [title] => [attributes] => N; ) ) [comment_type] => task_discussion [og_groups] => Array ( [0] => 67799 ) [og_groups_both] => Array ( [67799] => Water and Sanitation ) [og_public] => 1 [tags] => Array ( [10] => Array ( [2314] => stdClass Object ( [tid] => 2314 [vid] => 10 [name] => biosand filter [description] => [weight] => 0 [language] => [trid] => 0 ) [2290] => stdClass Object ( [tid] => 2290 [vid] => 10 [name] => clean drinking water [description] => [weight] => 0 [language] => [trid] => 0 ) [441] => stdClass Object ( [tid] => 441 [vid] => 10 [name] => Community Health [description] => [weight] => 0 [language] => [trid] => 0 ) [1193] => stdClass Object ( [tid] => 1193 [vid] => 10 [name] => Health [description] => [weight] => 0 [language] => [trid] => 0 ) [1429] => stdClass Object ( [tid] => 1429 [vid] => 10 [name] => sanitation [description] => [weight] => 0 [language] => [trid] => 0 ) [801] => stdClass Object ( [tid] => 801 [vid] => 10 [name] => Water [description] => [weight] => 0 [language] => [trid] => 0 ) ) ) [nodewords] => Array ( ) [trid] => 0 [language] => en [i18n_status] => 0 [taxonomy] => Array ( [2314] => stdClass Object ( [tid] => 2314 [vid] => 10 [name] => biosand filter [description] => [weight] => 0 [language] => [trid] => 0 ) [2290] => stdClass Object ( [tid] => 2290 [vid] => 10 [name] => clean drinking water [description] => [weight] => 0 [language] => [trid] => 0 ) [441] => stdClass Object ( [tid] => 441 [vid] => 10 [name] => Community Health [description] => [weight] => 0 [language] => [trid] => 0 ) [1193] => stdClass Object ( [tid] => 1193 [vid] => 10 [name] => Health [description] => [weight] => 0 [language] => [trid] => 0 ) [1429] => stdClass Object ( [tid] => 1429 [vid] => 10 [name] => sanitation [description] => [weight] => 0 [language] => [trid] => 0 ) [801] => stdClass Object ( [tid] => 801 [vid] => 10 [name] => Water [description] => [weight] => 0 [language] => [trid] => 0 ) ) [translation] => Array ( ) [cid] => 129893 [pid] => 0 [hostname] => 137.186.63.88 [thread] => 04/ [mail] => [homepage] => [comment_target_nid] => 126861 [depth] => 0 )

stdClass Object ( [nid] => 129899 [vid] => 130015 [type] => task_discussion [status] => 1 [created] => 1223415158 [changed] => 1223415159 [comment] => 2 [promote] => 1 [sticky] => 0 [revision_timestamp] => 1223415159 [title] => Biosand Filter [body] => The following is a general description of the biosand filter; specifications of the biosand filter; lab testing (technical data) and literature all related to the biosand filter. [teaser] => The following is a general description of the biosand filter; specifications of the biosand filter; lab testing (technical data) and literature all related to the biosand filter. [log] => [format] => 1 [uid] => 11903 [name] => bbriggs [picture] => [data] => a:6:{s:16:"nodecomment_sort";s:1:"2";s:16:"privatemsg_allow";i:1;s:28:"privatemsg_setmessage_notify";i:0;s:8:"og_email";s:1:"2";s:17:"messaging_default";s:4:"mail";s:7:"contact";i:0;} [path] => group/water-and-sanitation/project/task/discussion/biosand-filter [field_attachment] => Array ( [0] => Array ( [fid] => 22057 [description] => BIOSAND FILTER General description 4-page_Jan 08.doc [list] => 1 [nid] => 129899 [filename] => BIOSAND FILTER General description 4-page_Jan 08.doc [filepath] => files/attach/2008/10/task/BIOSAND FILTER General description 4-page_Jan 08.doc [filemime] => application/msword [filesize] => 122368 ) [1] => Array ( [fid] => 22058 [description] => Biosand Filter Specification Sheet_Jan 08.doc [list] => 1 [nid] => 129899 [filename] => Biosand Filter Specification Sheet_Jan 08.doc [filepath] => files/attach/2008/10/task/Biosand Filter Specification Sheet_Jan 08.doc [filemime] => application/msword [filesize] => 277504 ) [2] => Array ( [fid] => 22059 [description] => BSF_Literature_Brief - Summary of Lab and Field Testing 2008.doc [list] => 1 [nid] => 129899 [filename] => BSF_Literature_Brief - Summary of Lab and Field Testing 2008.doc [filepath] => files/attach/2008/10/task/BSF_Literature_Brief - Summary of Lab and Field Testing 2008.doc [filemime] => application/msword [filesize] => 439296 ) [3] => Array ( [fid] => 22060 [description] => BSF_Literature_Brief.pdf [list] => 1 [nid] => 129899 [filename] => BSF_Literature_Brief.pdf [filepath] => files/attach/2008/10/task/BSF_Literature_Brief.pdf [filemime] => application/pdf [filesize] => 156231 ) ) [field_embedded_video] => Array ( [0] => Array ( [embed] => [value] => [provider] => [data] => Array ( ) ) ) [field_external_link] => Array ( [0] => Array ( [url] => [title] => [attributes] => N; ) ) [comment_type] => task_discussion [og_groups] => Array ( [0] => 67799 ) [og_groups_both] => Array ( [67799] => Water and Sanitation ) [og_public] => 1 [tags] => Array ( [10] => Array ( [2314] => stdClass Object ( [tid] => 2314 [vid] => 10 [name] => biosand filter [description] => [weight] => 0 [language] => [trid] => 0 ) [2290] => stdClass Object ( [tid] => 2290 [vid] => 10 [name] => clean drinking water [description] => [weight] => 0 [language] => [trid] => 0 ) [1193] => stdClass Object ( [tid] => 1193 [vid] => 10 [name] => Health [description] => [weight] => 0 [language] => [trid] => 0 ) [2365] => stdClass Object ( [tid] => 2365 [vid] => 10 [name] => household water [description] => [weight] => 0 [language] => [trid] => 0 ) [1429] => stdClass Object ( [tid] => 1429 [vid] => 10 [name] => sanitation [description] => [weight] => 0 [language] => [trid] => 0 ) [801] => stdClass Object ( [tid] => 801 [vid] => 10 [name] => Water [description] => [weight] => 0 [language] => [trid] => 0 ) ) ) [nodewords] => Array ( ) [trid] => 0 [language] => en [i18n_status] => 0 [taxonomy] => Array ( [2314] => stdClass Object ( [tid] => 2314 [vid] => 10 [name] => biosand filter [description] => [weight] => 0 [language] => [trid] => 0 ) [2290] => stdClass Object ( [tid] => 2290 [vid] => 10 [name] => clean drinking water [description] => [weight] => 0 [language] => [trid] => 0 ) [1193] => stdClass Object ( [tid] => 1193 [vid] => 10 [name] => Health [description] => [weight] => 0 [language] => [trid] => 0 ) [2365] => stdClass Object ( [tid] => 2365 [vid] => 10 [name] => household water [description] => [weight] => 0 [language] => [trid] => 0 ) [1429] => stdClass Object ( [tid] => 1429 [vid] => 10 [name] => sanitation [description] => [weight] => 0 [language] => [trid] => 0 ) [801] => stdClass Object ( [tid] => 801 [vid] => 10 [name] => Water [description] => [weight] => 0 [language] => [trid] => 0 ) ) [translation] => Array ( ) [cid] => 129899 [pid] => 0 [hostname] => 137.186.63.88 [thread] => 05/ [mail] => [homepage] => [comment_target_nid] => 126861 [depth] => 0 )

stdClass Object ( [nid] => 129907 [vid] => 130023 [type] => task_discussion [status] => 1 [created] => 1223416126 [changed] => 1223416126 [comment] => 2 [promote] => 1 [sticky] => 0 [revision_timestamp] => 1223416126 [title] => Rainwater Harvesting - The Development Technology Unit [body] => The Development Technology Unit http://www2.warwick.ac.uk/fac/sci/eng/research/dtu/ The Development Technology Unit is a research unit within the School of Engineering at the University of Warwick whose aim is to research and promote sustainable technologies appropriate for application in low-income countries. The site contains sections on rainwater harvesting (mostly household level) and pumps among other things. The Publications section also contains lots of examples of low cost solutions and how they have been used in various developing countries. Mary [teaser] => The Development Technology Unit http://www2.warwick.ac.uk/fac/sci/eng/research/dtu/ The Development Technology Unit is a research unit within the School of Engineering at the University of Warwick whose aim is to research and promote sustainable technologies appropriate for application in low-income countries. The site contains sections on rainwater harvesting (mostly household level) and pumps among other things. The Publications section also contains lots of examples of low cost solutions and how they have been used in various developing countries. Mary [log] => [format] => 1 [uid] => 2698 [name] => MaryS [picture] => [data] => a:8:{s:8:"og_email";s:1:"1";s:16:"privatemsg_allow";i:1;s:28:"privatemsg_setmessage_notify";i:1;s:17:"messaging_default";s:4:"mail";s:7:"contact";i:0;s:16:"nodecomment_sort";s:1:"2";s:29:"taxonomy_image_disable_images";i:0;s:8:"options1";s:1:"3";} [path] => group/water-and-sanitation/project/task/discussion/rainwater-harvesting-the-development-technology-u [field_embedded_video] => Array ( [0] => Array ( [embed] => [value] => [provider] => [data] => Array ( ) ) ) [field_external_link] => Array ( [0] => Array ( [url] => [title] => [attributes] => N; ) ) [comment_type] => task_discussion [og_groups] => Array ( [0] => 67799 ) [og_groups_both] => Array ( [67799] => Water and Sanitation ) [og_public] => 1 [tags] => [nodewords] => Array ( ) [trid] => 0 [language] => en [i18n_status] => 0 [taxonomy] => Array ( ) [translation] => Array ( ) [cid] => 129907 [pid] => 0 [hostname] => 86.164.149.145 [thread] => 06/ [mail] => [homepage] => [comment_target_nid] => 126861 [depth] => 0 )

stdClass Object ( [nid] => 131136 [vid] => 131256 [type] => task_discussion [status] => 1 [created] => 1223748994 [changed] => 1223748994 [comment] => 2 [promote] => 1 [sticky] => 0 [revision_timestamp] => 1223748994 [title] => Re: Drinking Water - A place for resources, ideas, questions [body] => Thanks Mary! You are always great at finding more resources. I remember vaguely there being lots of info floating around Nabuur relating to rainwater harvesting... I'll try to dig some more up. Barb [teaser] => Thanks Mary! You are always great at finding more resources. I remember vaguely there being lots of info floating around Nabuur relating to rainwater harvesting... I'll try to dig some more up. Barb [log] => [format] => 1 [uid] => 11903 [name] => bbriggs [picture] => [data] => a:6:{s:16:"nodecomment_sort";s:1:"2";s:16:"privatemsg_allow";i:1;s:28:"privatemsg_setmessage_notify";i:0;s:8:"og_email";s:1:"2";s:17:"messaging_default";s:4:"mail";s:7:"contact";i:0;} [path] => group/water-and-sanitation/project/task/discussion/re-drinking-water-a-place-resources-ideas-questio [field_embedded_video] => Array ( [0] => Array ( [embed] => [value] => [provider] => [data] => Array ( ) ) ) [field_external_link] => Array ( [0] => Array ( [url] => [title] => [attributes] => N; ) ) [comment_type] => task_discussion [og_groups] => Array ( [0] => 67799 ) [og_groups_both] => Array ( [67799] => Water and Sanitation ) [og_public] => 1 [tags] => [nodewords] => Array ( ) [trid] => 0 [language] => en [i18n_status] => 0 [taxonomy] => Array ( ) [translation] => Array ( ) [cid] => 131136 [pid] => 0 [hostname] => 137.186.63.88 [thread] => 07/ [mail] => [homepage] => [comment_target_nid] => 126861 [depth] => 0 )

stdClass Object ( [nid] => 132353 [vid] => 132474 [type] => task_discussion [status] => 1 [created] => 1223920990 [changed] => 1223920990 [comment] => 2 [promote] => 1 [sticky] => 0 [revision_timestamp] => 1223920990 [title] => Re: Drinking Water - A place for resources, ideas, questions [body] => Hi Frank, Piping water into a home requires much infrastructure and can be quite costly. I am not an engineer, so I am not sure how this would be done, but based on my very basic knowledge, you would require a source of water that is then cleaned (water treatment facility/equipment) then is piped into houses through an underground system (usually they are underground pipes). This would be a huge undertaking that would be quite costly and usually is done at a community/municipal or regional level by governments. You would have to speak with an engineer about this.... Sorry I can't be of more assistance on this. Alternatives such as rain water collection tanks or large tanks at each home could be piped in - but this would be on an individual household basis (as far as I can tell - but again I am not an expert). Again, this might require large amounts of funds. Maybe rain could be collected in a clean container (must be closed so that the water doesn't get contaminated) and a sink could be attached to the collection tank with taps on it. Just an idea, that I have no idea how it would work out. Barb [teaser] => Hi Frank, Piping water into a home requires much infrastructure and can be quite costly. I am not an engineer, so I am not sure how this would be done, but based on my very basic knowledge, you would require a source of water that is then cleaned (water treatment facility/equipment) then is piped into houses through an underground system (usually they are underground pipes). This would be a huge undertaking that would be quite costly and usually is done at a community/municipal or regional level by governments. You would have to speak with an engineer about this.... [log] => [format] => 1 [uid] => 11903 [name] => bbriggs [picture] => [data] => a:6:{s:16:"nodecomment_sort";s:1:"2";s:16:"privatemsg_allow";i:1;s:28:"privatemsg_setmessage_notify";i:0;s:8:"og_email";s:1:"2";s:17:"messaging_default";s:4:"mail";s:7:"contact";i:0;} [path] => group/water-and-sanitation/project/task/discussion/re-drinking-water-a-place-resources-ideas-questi-3 [field_embedded_video] => Array ( [0] => Array ( [embed] => [value] => [provider] => [data] => Array ( ) ) ) [field_external_link] => Array ( [0] => Array ( [url] => [title] => [attributes] => N; ) ) [comment_type] => task_discussion [og_groups] => Array ( [0] => 67799 ) [og_groups_both] => Array ( [67799] => Water and Sanitation ) [og_public] => 1 [tags] => Array ( [10] => Array ( [2290] => stdClass Object ( [tid] => 2290 [vid] => 10 [name] => clean drinking water [description] => [weight] => 0 [language] => [trid] => 0 ) [1193] => stdClass Object ( [tid] => 1193 [vid] => 10 [name] => Health [description] => [weight] => 0 [language] => [trid] => 0 ) [2283] => stdClass Object ( [tid] => 2283 [vid] => 10 [name] => hygiene [description] => [weight] => 0 [language] => [trid] => 0 ) [2379] => stdClass Object ( [tid] => 2379 [vid] => 10 [name] => rain water [description] => [weight] => 0 [language] => [trid] => 0 ) [1429] => stdClass Object ( [tid] => 1429 [vid] => 10 [name] => sanitation [description] => [weight] => 0 [language] => [trid] => 0 ) [801] => stdClass Object ( [tid] => 801 [vid] => 10 [name] => Water [description] => [weight] => 0 [language] => [trid] => 0 ) ) ) [nodewords] => Array ( ) [trid] => 0 [language] => en [i18n_status] => 0 [taxonomy] => Array ( [2290] => stdClass Object ( [tid] => 2290 [vid] => 10 [name] => clean drinking water [description] => [weight] => 0 [language] => [trid] => 0 ) [1193] => stdClass Object ( [tid] => 1193 [vid] => 10 [name] => Health [description] => [weight] => 0 [language] => [trid] => 0 ) [2283] => stdClass Object ( [tid] => 2283 [vid] => 10 [name] => hygiene [description] => [weight] => 0 [language] => [trid] => 0 ) [2379] => stdClass Object ( [tid] => 2379 [vid] => 10 [name] => rain water [description] => [weight] => 0 [language] => [trid] => 0 ) [1429] => stdClass Object ( [tid] => 1429 [vid] => 10 [name] => sanitation [description] => [weight] => 0 [language] => [trid] => 0 ) [801] => stdClass Object ( [tid] => 801 [vid] => 10 [name] => Water [description] => [weight] => 0 [language] => [trid] => 0 ) ) [translation] => Array ( ) [cid] => 132353 [pid] => 0 [hostname] => 137.186.63.88 [thread] => 08/ [mail] => [homepage] => [comment_target_nid] => 126861 [depth] => 0 )

stdClass Object ( [nid] => 132361 [vid] => 132482 [type] => task_discussion [status] => 1 [created] => 1223924077 [changed] => 1223924078 [comment] => 2 [promote] => 1 [sticky] => 0 [revision_timestamp] => 1223924078 [title] => Re: Drinking Water - A place for resources, ideas, questions [body] => Hi Frank I don't have any engineering experienc either but would agree with Barb. I would say, go for the simple, relatively low-cost options for now. Hi Barb As promised, here are the rest of the rainwater harvesting links from Masaka. Apologies if any of this is duplication of information posted by others. Much of it is about projects in Uganda as that's where Masaka is. Is there a plan to add a shared work doc to this task at some point as an easier way of organising info>? Mary Practical Action http://practicalaction.org/practicalanswers/product_info.php?cPath=24_78&products_id=57 (basic text introduction, plus a big PDF with more detailed info) and water-related links (RWH, pumps, purification etc) http://practicalaction.org/?id=links_water Southern and Eastern Affra Rainwater Network http://www.searnet.org/searnetfinal/home.asp Uganda, 500-750 litre jars costing between US30-50 plus guttering http://tilz.tearfund.org/Publications/Footsteps+41-50/Footsteps+46/Low-cost+rainwater+harvesting.htm An investigation into the potential to reduce the cost of constructed rainwater harvesting tanks in Uganda by Peter Cruddas. This includes information on several low cost options that are already being used in Uganda. Includes costs and local contacts for the organisations who run the projects. Including a 25,000 litre underground tank costing 608,000 Ugandan shillings, and many low-cost small scale tanks/jars too. https://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/bitstream/1826/2379/1/Peter%20Cruddas%20Thesis%20final.pdf note this is a large PDF file - about 1.8MB. As that may take a long time to download over a slow connection, I created a smaller version (about 560KB) which is at http://www.nabuur.com/files/attach/2008/07/task/2698_483892e622256.pdf No changes to text, I have just compressed the pictures. Uganda Rainwater Association http://www.gharainwater.org/URWAs%20Profile.pdf "URWA’s activities support communities to improve their socio-economic situation through mobilization, information, skills and experience sharing and works closely with the Directorate of Water Development (DWD), for policy guidance and direction." Uganda Rainwater Association Plot 27, Room 203 Clement Hill Road, P O. Box 34209, Kampala, Uganda Tel.: +256-41-340201 Email: urwa@infocom.co.ug , urwa@searnet.org ACORD Many low-cost designs between 4000-12000 litres. I have seen them mentioned on a lot of websites about low-cost rainwater harvesting. ACORD MBARARA PROGRAMME (this seems to be the one with the rainwater experience - they have other projects across the country) Coordinator Mary Katushabe ACORD, P.O Box 1394, Mbarara, Uganda Tel: +256 (485) 20877 +256 77486997 +256 48521304 Email: acordmbra@utlonline.co.ug Uganda Rural Development Training Centre (Kibaale district) Have produced a low cost below-ground 25,000 litre tank. http://urdt.net/ Uganda Rural Development & Training Programme Attn: Mwalimu Musheshe, Sr., CEO Ambassador House 56/60 Kampala Road P.O. Box 16253 Kampala, Uganda, East Africa Telephone: 256-41-256704 E-mail: info@urdt.net [teaser] => Hi Frank I don't have any engineering experienc either but would agree with Barb. I would say, go for the simple, relatively low-cost options for now. Hi Barb As promised, here are the rest of the rainwater harvesting links from Masaka. Apologies if any of this is duplication of information posted by others. Much of it is about projects in Uganda as that's where Masaka is. Is there a plan to add a shared work doc to this task at some point as an easier way of organising info>? Mary Practical Action [log] => [format] => 1 [uid] => 2698 [name] => MaryS [picture] => [data] => a:8:{s:8:"og_email";s:1:"1";s:16:"privatemsg_allow";i:1;s:28:"privatemsg_setmessage_notify";i:1;s:17:"messaging_default";s:4:"mail";s:7:"contact";i:0;s:16:"nodecomment_sort";s:1:"2";s:29:"taxonomy_image_disable_images";i:0;s:8:"options1";s:1:"3";} [path] => group/water-and-sanitation/project/task/discussion/re-drinking-water-a-place-resources-ideas-questi-4 [field_embedded_video] => Array ( [0] => Array ( [embed] => [value] => [provider] => [data] => Array ( ) ) ) [field_external_link] => Array ( [0] => Array ( [url] => [title] => [attributes] => N; ) ) [comment_type] => task_discussion [og_groups] => Array ( [0] => 67799 ) [og_groups_both] => Array ( [67799] => Water and Sanitation ) [og_public] => 1 [tags] => [nodewords] => Array ( ) [trid] => 0 [language] => en [i18n_status] => 0 [taxonomy] => Array ( ) [translation] => Array ( ) [cid] => 132361 [pid] => 0 [hostname] => 86.151.51.105 [thread] => 09/ [mail] => [homepage] => [comment_target_nid] => 126861 [depth] => 0 )